TRT Laws by State (2026): Rules for All 50 States and D.C.

The finding: The September 2, 2026 review classified 51 jurisdictions: eight in Class A, 34 in Class B, four in Class C, one in Class D and four in Class E. These are historical research classifications, not current legal clearance for a patient or clinic. Class C covers an in-person step or a qualifying relationship or assisted encounter under the cited rule. Connecticut's Class D row concerns routine telehealth prescribing outside its specified exceptions. Class E covers temporary policies or unresolved legal text; Missouri's row is expressly unsettled. The federal temporary no-prior-in-person-evaluation authority runs through December 31, 2026 and matters in every state. Targeted corrections were checked October 3, 2026; the full state-source review remains dated September 2.

Source: TRT Provider Guide Research, TRT Laws by State (2026). The September 2, 2026 full review remains the baseline; version 1.1.1 contains targeted Connecticut and New York wording/source corrections checked October 3, not a full 51-row re-verification.

Last updated: October 12, 2026 · Last verified: October 12, 2026 · Selected factual corrections verified October 12, 2026 · Dataset version: 1.1.0 · Editorial research by TRT Provider Guide (not clinically reviewed)

Testosterone has been a federal Schedule III controlled substance since February 27, 1991. That federal classification applies nationwide; state classifications can differ. New York lists testosterone in state Schedule II. The federal telemedicine rule that lets a DEA-registered clinician prescribe it after a live video visit, with no prior in-person visit, "expires at the end of December 31, 2026," in the words of the Federal Register. And the permanent rule meant to replace it reached the White House for review on August 25, 2026 — 18 years after Congress first asked for it.

This page is the 51-row table behind those numbers, with the statute or board rule linked for every state, plus the federal rules that apply everywhere and what happens on January 1, 2027.

TRT Provider Guide Research is an independent research and reference library. We are not a clinic, pharmacy, lab, insurer or medical practice, and this page recommends none. It is educational, not legal or medical advice.

What we found, by the numbers

Source: TRT Provider Guide Research, "TRT Laws by State (2026)," dataset v1.1.0, verified Sept. 2, 2026. Each row's primary source is linked in the state table below.

Scope, in one line: this page covers medically indicated testosterone treatment for adults, with a focus on a first prescription by telehealth. It does not cover bodybuilding use, minors, importation, compounding rules, pharmacy shipping, insurance, or every profession-specific rule.

What does this data show — and what doesn't it show?

Answer capsule: The table shows, for each state, whether a licensed clinician can start a new patient on testosterone through a telehealth visit without a prior in-person visit, and which state rule controls that answer. It does not say whether a person has low testosterone, whether treatment is right for them, whether a specific clinic follows the law, or whether a pharmacy may ship a specific product.

Two things trip people up here, so we will say them plainly.

First, "legal" and "available online" are different questions. Testosterone is legal to prescribe in every state. Whether a clinician can start it by video, with no in-person visit, is a separate question that state law answers differently.

Second, "allowed" never means "automatic." Even in a Class A state, the clinician still needs a legitimate medical purpose, enough information to meet the standard of care, the right state and federal authority, proper records, and a lawful pharmacy. A questionnaire-only website is not a medical visit in any state we reviewed.

How did we build this table?

Answer capsule: We asked one question in every jurisdiction: under the state's own law or medical-board rule, can a licensed clinician start a prescription for testosterone — a non-narcotic Schedule III controlled substance — by telehealth for an adult the clinician has never examined in person? We answered it from the statute or board rule itself, dated every read, and sorted the answers into five classes.

Here is exactly what we did, so anyone can repeat it.

Sources. For every state and D.C. we read at least one official source: a codified statute, an administrative rule, a licensing-board rule or policy, board meeting minutes, or a current agency page. Where the first source did not settle a key point, we added a second official source. The dataset holds 76 unique official links. We used the Center for Connected Health Policy's state entries as a map to the right statute, not as the source itself.

Dates. The state reads were done September 1–2, 2026. The federal reads were done September 1, 2026. Every row carries its verification date.

Classes. The letters describe the initial telehealth barrier only. They say nothing about the quality of care or whether a person qualifies for treatment.

Source: TRT Provider Guide Research, dataset v1.1.0, Sept. 2, 2026.

Coding rules.

1. We treated testosterone as a Schedule III controlled substance under federal law (21 U.S.C. §812, Schedule III(e); 21 CFR §1308.13).
2. We focused on ordinary adult medical treatment, not performance use and not laws about minors.
3. For a restriction defined by a state's drug schedule, check testosterone's classification in that state rather than assume the federal Schedule III classification controls. New York lists testosterone in state Schedule II. Restrictions limited to opioids or narcotics do not apply to testosterone merely because it is a controlled substance; indication-specific rules must be assessed in their stated scope.
4. Class C grouped rows with an in-person requirement or a specified relationship or assisted-encounter pathway. The exact exception and covered professional license type must be read in each cited rule; these pathways are not all equivalent to a prior examination by the prescribing clinician.
5. A state entered Class D only when its text generally barred Schedule III telehealth prescribing in this scope.
6. A state entered Class E when the answer depended on a temporary policy, a new change, or conflicting text.
7. We did not turn silence into certainty. Medium-confidence rows say what we could not fully confirm.

Why this table exists. The Center for Connected Health Policy, the federally funded telehealth policy center, says in its Fall 2025 report that it "does not track a specific count of states" with telehealth prescribing requirements, because the rules vary so much. No agency keeps this count. We built it by reading the 51 sources ourselves.

What we cross-checked. Twenty states were read twice, by two separate research passes (September 1 and September 2, 2026). The two passes disagreed on one state — Georgia — and the disagreement was resolved by the Board's own January 8, 2026 meeting minutes, which we link in the table. That correction is noted in the update log.

Source: TRT Provider Guide Research, TRT Laws by State (2026), dataset version 1.1.1 correction supplement. The full jurisdiction review remains dated September 2, 2026.

Source: TRT Provider Guide Research, TRT Laws by State (2026), dataset version 1.1.1 correction supplement. Connecticut and New York wording/source corrections checked October 3, 2026; all other row reviews remain dated September 2.

What are the TRT laws in every state?

Answer capsule: Every state and D.C. allows prescription testosterone for adults with a legitimate medical need. The rows below answer the narrower question that matters online: whether a licensed clinician can start a new patient by telehealth without an in-person visit, and which state rule decides it. Find your state, read the plain-words rule, and open the official source.

How to read the table: the wording and class codes summarize the September 2 source review. They do not establish current permission, authorize a clinic, or cover every professional license type. Read each row's rule, scope, exceptions and source date. For Schedule-based restrictions, check testosterone's state classification as well as its federal Schedule III status. Class E is conditional or unresolved and must not be read as a confirmed "Yes."

Source: TRT Provider Guide Research, "TRT Laws by State (2026)," dataset v1.1.0, verified Sept. 2, 2026. State reads: Sept. 1–2, 2026. Each rule links to the official statute, rule, or board document it comes from.

Dataset downloads: Historical CSV, version 1.1.0 preserves the original September 2, 2026 snapshot. The separate targeted-correction CSV, version 1.1.1 and version 1.1.1 metadata correct Connecticut and New York wording/source details only. The other 49 rows were not reverified, and the class counts did not change. Each CSV carries the jurisdiction rows, source citations, confidence level, and the two overlay columns covered below (nurse-practitioner practice environment and prescription-database mandate).

How to cite this page: TRT Provider Guide Research. "TRT Laws by State (2026): Rules for All 50 States and D.C." Dataset v1.1.0. Last verified September 2, 2026. https://trtproviderguide.com/research/trt-laws-by-state/

Which states have the clearest barriers or date traps?

Answer capsule: The September 2 review placed Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana and Minnesota in Class C and Connecticut in Class D. Their exact requirements, exceptions and professional-license scope matter. Georgia, Missouri, New York and North Carolina were grouped in Class E for different reasons: temporary policies or unresolved legal text. That category does not establish that all four permit a new-patient video start or share the same December 31 outcome.

Here is each one in plain words, with the date it will need rechecking.

Source: TRT Provider Guide Research, dataset v1.1.0, Sept. 2, 2026; statutes and board documents as cited.

One row deserves a warning label of its own. South Carolina's telemedicine statute is often summarized as a ban on Schedule II and III drugs. Since March 11, 2024 the text says Schedule II-narcotic and Schedule III-narcotic. Testosterone is Schedule III but is not a narcotic, so that clause does not bar telehealth TRT in South Carolina. Older summaries still in circulation describe the pre-2024 rule.

Is TRT legal in all 50 states?

Answer capsule: Prescription testosterone can be lawful for adult medical treatment, but both federal and state requirements apply. Testosterone is federally Schedule III; states can classify it differently. New York, for example, lists testosterone in state Schedule II. A valid prescription or other lawful authority matters for possession, and the rules for starting treatment by telehealth vary by jurisdiction.

A "controlled substance" is a drug the federal government puts on one of five lists, called schedules, based on its medical use and its potential for misuse. Schedule III is the middle list. Testosterone sits there alongside ketamine and codeine-with-acetaminophen. Congress put it there with the Anabolic Steroids Control Act of 1990, signed November 29, 1990 and effective February 27, 1991. Two later laws widened the definition of "anabolic steroid" — in 2004 and again in 2014 — but testosterone's place on the list has not moved in 35 years.

Because the schedule is federal, no state can make testosterone legal without a prescription, and no state has made it illegal with one. Every rule in the state table sits on top of this federal floor.

Source: TRT Provider Guide Research, TRT Laws by State (2026), dataset v1.1.0. Federal sources verified September 1, 2026.

The federal rules that apply in every state

Source: TRT Provider Guide Research, verified Sept. 1, 2026, from the documents linked in each row.

Can testosterone be prescribed through telehealth?

Answer capsule: Under federal rules, yes through December 31, 2026. A DEA-registered clinician may prescribe a Schedule II–V drug after a live audio-video telehealth visit with no prior in-person visit, as long as the prescription is for a legitimate medical purpose and follows all other federal and state law. The state may add stricter rules, and in 5 states it does.

Here is how the two layers stack.

The federal layer starts with the Ryan Haight Act of 2008. That law said a controlled drug could not be prescribed over the internet without at least one in-person evaluation, with a few exceptions. It also told the DEA to create a "special registration" so telemedicine clinicians could prescribe without one. The DEA never finished that registration. During the COVID emergency in 2020, the in-person rule was waived nationwide. Since then the DEA and HHS have extended the waiver four times: in May 2023, October 2023, November 2024 and December 2025. The current extension runs through December 31, 2026.

What the waiver requires, in the DEA's words paraphrased: the prescription must be for a legitimate medical purpose, issued by a DEA-registered practitioner acting in the usual course of practice, after a real-time, two-way, interactive audio-video visit, consistent with all other prescription rules. For testosterone, that means a live video visit is the safe reading. A text exchange, a form, or an audio-only call should not be assumed to be enough, even in a state whose definition of "telehealth" is broad.

The state layer sits on top. When a state rule is stricter than the federal waiver, the stricter rule wins. That is why Louisiana can require an in-person visit in the past year while the federal government requires none, and why Connecticut can bar the whole practice.

Do you need an in-person visit before starting TRT?

Answer capsule: It depends on the state, the clinician's license type, the legal pathway and the examination needed for your care. The September 2 table grouped four states in Class C for in-person steps or qualifying relationship/assisted-encounter pathways, and Connecticut in Class D for its routine telehealth restriction. Class E includes unresolved cases, so this table does not establish that all other 46 jurisdictions permit a video start. Confirm the current rule and applicable exception before paying for an online-only program.

Two distinctions matter.

An "examination" is not the same as an "in-person visit." Iowa, Maine, Mississippi, New Mexico, Pennsylvania and Rhode Island all require a real examination before a controlled-drug prescription, but each says or allows that the exam can be done by telehealth when the technology gives the clinician the same information an in-person exam would. Pennsylvania's rule is the least explicit of that group, which is why we scored it medium-confidence.

"Someone must have seen you in person" is also not the same as "your prescriber must have seen you in person." Minnesota accepts an in-person exam by another clinician in the same group, or by a consulting or referring clinician. Alabama accepts a licensed clinician physically with you during the video visit. Louisiana does not: its rule names the prescribing physician.

Does the prescriber need a license in your state?

Answer capsule: Almost always, yes. Telehealth care is treated as happening where the patient is, so the clinician needs to be licensed or registered in the patient's state. For a controlled drug like testosterone, several states add a second layer: a state controlled-substance registration, a physical practice location, or a rule about where the prescriber must be sitting.

The state rules we found that go beyond a plain license:

Source: TRT Provider Guide Research, dataset v1.1.0, Sept. 2, 2026. This list is limited to rules we read; other states may impose similar requirements through pharmacy or licensing law.

Who can prescribe testosterone in each state?

Answer capsule: The prescriber must have the required DEA authority for the drug, either through a qualifying registration or an applicable exemption. (21 CFR §1307.41(c)(3)(i)–(ii)) Physicians can prescribe testosterone in every state. Nurse practitioners can prescribe medications, including controlled substances, under the authority of the nursing board alone in 27 states and D.C.; 12 states require a career-long collaborative agreement with a physician; 11 states require physician supervision or delegation. Those counts come from the American Association of Nurse Practitioners' State Practice Environment map, updated May 2026.

Why this matters for TRT: a large share of online testosterone care is delivered by nurse practitioners and physician assistants. In a "full practice" state the NP can run the visit and write the prescription alone. In a "reduced" or "restricted" state a physician has to be in the picture by law, which is one reason some clinics serve some states and not others.

Source: American Association of Nurse Practitioners, State Practice Environment map, updated May 2026 (aanp.org). Definitions are AANP's. The classification for each state is also a column in the downloadable dataset.

Three notes. New York is counted as full practice; its independent-practice law carried a July 1, 2026 sunset that was reported extended to July 1, 2030 by a May 28, 2026 budget action, which readers should confirm against the enacted bill. Wisconsin's APRN changes took effect September 1, 2026. Independent practice is available only to APRNs who meet the additional requirements, submit a complete application, and receive Board approval; it is not automatic for every APRN. DSPS says that approval is displayed on the license. The May 2026 AANP table above is a historical source snapshot and is not a current substitute for the individual license record. New Jersey's law of March 30, 2026 was reported to remove joint-protocol requirements for NPs with 5,000 or more practice hours; AANP's May map still lists New Jersey as reduced. We show AANP's classification as published.

Will a state database be checked before a testosterone prescription is filled?

Answer capsule: Probably, but it depends on the state. Every state runs a prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP), a database that records controlled-drug prescriptions. As of October 29, 2025, PDMP TTAC — the federally funded training center for these programs — lists mandatory-query conditions for 48 states and D.C.; Hawaii and South Dakota are not on that list. Whether the mandate reaches a Schedule III drug like testosterone varies: New York's does (Schedule II, III and IV), and Indiana requires the check for any controlled drug prescribed by telehealth.

Many state mandates were written for opioids and benzodiazepines and never mention Schedule III drugs. We did not verify the scope of all 49 mandates for testosterone, so the dataset column says only whether a mandate is on the books. Kansas and Nebraska appear on the list through Medicaid-program rules rather than a general statute. If you are a prescriber, treat the column as a prompt to check your state's rule, not as an answer.

How many refills can a testosterone prescription have?

Answer capsule: Under federal rules for Schedule III drugs, a testosterone prescription can be refilled no more than five times, and none of those refills can happen more than six months after the prescription was written (21 CFR §1306.22). After that, a new prescription is needed. A state, prescriber, pharmacy, or insurer can be stricter.

The six-month limit governs how long a prescription can be filled or refilled; it does not, by itself, require a clinical visit every six months. A new prescription is needed after the federal time or refill limit is reached. Your clinician sets appropriate follow-up, and state law may require different prescription or visit intervals.

What changes on January 1, 2027?

Answer capsule: The current temporary federal no-prior-in-person-evaluation authority is scheduled to expire at the end of December 31, 2026. As checked October 3, 2026, OIRA still listed the special-registration action as pending review, received August 25, 2026; a forecast is not effective law. If that temporary authority ends, a prescription must qualify under another lawful pathway, which can include an appropriate prior in-person evaluation or a statutory telemedicine exception. State requirements still apply. Class E includes both temporary policies and unresolved legal text, so the four rows should not be treated as having one automatic January 1 outcome.

The proposed permanent rule, published January 17, 2025, would create three special registrations. The one that matters for TRT is a "Telemedicine Prescribing Registration" that would let general clinicians prescribe Schedule III–V drugs by telemedicine, with PDMP checks, audio-video requirements and other conditions. That is a proposal. The final text is not public, and the White House review record on reginfo.gov shows only that the rule is at the final stage and is "economically significant."

Here is how the country got to this cliff.

Source: TRT Provider Guide Research, verified Sept. 1, 2026, from the Federal Register documents and the reginfo.gov records cited; the 2009–2023 history is also summarized on the Alliance for Connected Care's DEA policy page.

Is testosterone going to stay a controlled substance?

Answer capsule: Testosterone remains a Schedule III controlled substance under current federal rules. On December 10, 2025, FDA convened an expert panel on testosterone replacement therapy for men. That event did not change testosterone's controlled-substance status. The current federal listing, checked October 3, 2026, still includes testosterone at 21 CFR 1308.13(f)(84).

This matters for the whole page. If testosterone were ever removed from the schedules, the Ryan Haight Act, the refill limit, the PDMP mandates, and most of the state rules in the table would stop applying to it. Until then, they all do.

What does the internet get wrong about TRT laws by state?

Answer capsule: Three claims show up on page after page and do not survive a read of the statute. "Online TRT is legal in all 50 states" is wrong for Connecticut. "South Carolina bans telehealth prescribing of Schedule III drugs" describes the law before March 11, 2024. And Texas is often said to require an in-person visit for Schedule II drugs by telemedicine; the Texas Medical Board's rule limits telemedicine treatment of chronic pain with scheduled drugs, not Schedule II drugs as a class.

We are not naming the pages that carry these claims. We are noting them because a writer who copies one of them will be wrong, and the fix is a single click to the statute in our table.

Limitations

Answer capsule: This is a research reference, not legal or medical advice. It reads state law at a specific date, at the level of "can a first telehealth prescription happen," and it cannot capture every fact that changes a real case.

What the data does not do:

• It does not cover minors, non-medical use, importation, compounding pharmacies, drug shipping, or insurance.
• It reads statutes and board rules. It does not read every pharmacy rule, every profession-specific rule (physicians, nurse practitioners and physician assistants are sometimes governed by different boards), or any clinic's internal policy.
• Nine rows are rated medium confidence (Hawaii, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Missouri, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Wyoming). In each, the official source we read did not state a Schedule III telehealth rule as clearly as the others. The row says what we could not confirm.
• The PDMP column records whether a mandate exists, not whether it reaches testosterone.
• The nurse-practitioner column is AANP's classification as of May 2026, transcribed; three states have reported 2026 changes we describe but do not reclassify.
• Everything in the federal section can change on the day the DEA's final rule is published.

Laws change. If a row is going to affect a real prescription, the prescriber, pharmacy or patient should open the linked source and check the current text, and ask the state medical board or a licensed attorney when the text is unclear.

Frequently asked questions

Is TRT legal in all 50 states?

Prescription testosterone can be lawful for adult medical treatment, but both federal and state requirements apply. Testosterone is federally Schedule III; states can classify it differently. New York, for example, lists testosterone in state Schedule II. A valid prescription or other lawful authority matters for possession, and the rules for starting treatment by telehealth vary by jurisdiction.

Is testosterone a controlled substance?

Yes. Testosterone is listed in Schedule III of the federal Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. §812, Schedule III(e); 21 CFR §1308.13). Congress put it there with the Anabolic Steroids Control Act of 1990, effective February 27, 1991.

Can a doctor prescribe testosterone online legally?

The current temporary federal no-prior-in-person-evaluation authority is scheduled to expire at the end of December 31, 2026. As checked October 3, 2026, OIRA still listed the special-registration action as pending review, received August 25, 2026; a forecast is not effective law. If that temporary authority ends, a prescription must qualify under another lawful pathway, which can include an appropriate prior in-person evaluation or a statutory telemedicine exception. State requirements still apply. Class E includes both temporary policies and unresolved legal text, so the four rows should not be treated as having one automatic January 1 outcome.

Do I need an in-person visit before starting TRT?

It depends on the state, the clinician's license type, the legal pathway and the examination needed for your care. The September 2 table grouped four states in Class C for in-person steps or qualifying relationship/assisted-encounter pathways, and Connecticut in Class D for its routine telehealth restriction. Class E includes unresolved cases, so this table does not establish that all other 46 jurisdictions permit a video start. Confirm the current rule and applicable exception before paying for an online-only program.

Can a nurse practitioner prescribe testosterone?

In many states, yes. The prescriber must have the required DEA authority for the drug, either through a qualifying registration or an applicable exemption. (21 CFR §1307.41(c)(3)(i)–(ii)) According to the AANP map updated May 2026, nurse practitioners have full practice authority — including controlled-substance prescribing under the nursing board alone — in 27 states and D.C.; 12 states require a collaborative agreement and 11 require physician supervision or delegation.

How many refills can a testosterone prescription have?

The six-month limit governs how long a prescription can be filled or refilled; it does not, by itself, require a clinical visit every six months. A new prescription is needed after the federal time or refill limit is reached. Your clinician sets appropriate follow-up, and state law may require different prescription or visit intervals.

Is it illegal to have testosterone without a prescription?

Yes, everywhere in the United States. Possessing a Schedule III controlled substance without a valid prescription is a federal crime under 21 U.S.C. §844, and states have their own penalties. Labels like "for research use only" do not change that.

Does an online questionnaire count as a TRT visit?

No state we reviewed treats a questionnaire alone as enough for a controlled-drug prescription. Alaska, Colorado, Iowa, Maryland, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oregon and Utah say so in their statutes, rules or board policies, and the federal waiver requires a real-time audio-video visit.

Can an out-of-state doctor prescribe testosterone to me?

Only if the clinician is licensed or registered to treat patients in your state and holds the controlled-substance registrations your state requires. Telehealth is treated as care delivered where the patient is. Hawaii goes further and generally requires the prescriber to be physically in Hawaii when writing a controlled-drug prescription.

Is TRT legal in Texas, Florida, California and New York?

Yes in all four, with a prescription. Texas allows a telemedicine start and limits only chronic-pain treatment with scheduled drugs. Florida bars only Schedule II by telehealth and requires out-of-state clinicians to register. California allows the required examination to be done by telehealth. New York permits telemedicine prescribing consistent with applicable state and DEA rules. If the current federal flexibility ends, the prescription must qualify under another lawful federal pathway; the state telemedicine exception does not itself expire on December 31, 2026. (10 NYCRR §80.63(e)(4))

Will TRT telehealth rules change in 2027?

The current temporary federal no-prior-in-person-evaluation authority is scheduled to expire at the end of December 31, 2026. As checked October 3, 2026, OIRA still listed the special-registration action as pending review, received August 25, 2026; a forecast is not effective law. If that temporary authority ends, a prescription must qualify under another lawful pathway, which can include an appropriate prior in-person evaluation or a statutory telemedicine exception. State requirements still apply. Class E includes both temporary policies and unresolved legal text, so the four rows should not be treated as having one automatic January 1 outcome.

How to cite this page

TRT Provider Guide Research. "TRT Laws by State (2026): Rules for All 50 States and D.C." Dataset version 1.1.0. Last verified September 2, 2026. https://trtproviderguide.com/research/trt-laws-by-state/

The version 1.1.0 CSV at the original URL remains the historical full-review snapshot. Version 1.1.1 is a separate targeted-correction file for Connecticut and New York, checked October 3, 2026; it does not reverify the other 49 rows or change the class counts.

Update log

• September 2, 2026 — version 1.1.0. First public release of the 51-jurisdiction table. Merged two independent research passes (September 1 and September 2, 2026). Corrected Georgia from "in-person required" to Class E after reading the Board's January 8, 2026 minutes. Confirmed the Virginia physical-location clause, the Louisiana one-year rule, and the Minnesota examination chain against statute text. Added the federal timeline, the nurse-practitioner overlay (AANP, May 2026) and the PDMP-mandate overlay (PDMP TTAC, Oct. 29, 2025).
• Version 1.1.1 correction package. Targeted Connecticut and New York wording/source corrections were checked October 3, 2026. The original September 2 full-review date and all class assignments remain unchanged; the other 49 rows were not reverified. The public-release date is set only when this package is published.

Sources

Federal

• Federal Register, "Classification of Three Steroids as Schedule III Anabolic Steroids," Dec. 4, 2009 (E9-28572) — dates of the 1990 and 2004 Acts.
• Congress.gov, H.R. 4658, Anabolic Steroids Control Act of 1990, bill text.
• Federal Register, "Implementation of the Designer Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2014," Aug. 1, 2023 (2023-15747).
• eCFR, 21 CFR §1308.13 (Schedule III) and 21 CFR §1306.22 (refills).
• 21 U.S.C. §§802(41), 812, 829(e), 831, 844 (Legal Information Institute).
• Federal Register, "Fourth Temporary Extension of COVID-19 Telemedicine Flexibilities for Prescription of Controlled Medications," Dec. 31, 2025 (2025-24123).
• Federal Register, "Special Registrations for Telemedicine and Limited State Telemedicine Registrations," proposed rule, Jan. 17, 2025 (2025-01099).
• reginfo.gov, Pending EO 12866 Regulatory Review, RIN 1117-AB40, received Aug. 25, 2026; Unified Agenda entry for RIN 1117-AB40.
• DEA press release, Dec. 31, 2025; HHS press release, Jan. 2, 2026.
• Telehealth.HHS.gov, "Prescribing controlled substances via telehealth."
• FDA Expert Panel on Testosterone Replacement Therapy for Men, December 10, 2025, docket FDA-2025-N-6743.

State

• The statute, rule, or board document for each state is linked in its row of the state table. The dataset lists 76 unique official links.

Compilations used to locate sources

• Center for Connected Health Policy, State Telehealth Laws and Reimbursement Policies Report, Fall 2025, and the "Online Prescribing" topic entries.
• Alliance for Connected Care, "DEA Prescribing of Controlled Substances" (federal timeline summary).
• American Association of Nurse Practitioners, State Practice Environment map, updated May 2026.
• PDMP Training and Technical Assistance Center, "Listing of Mandatory Query Conditions," Oct. 29, 2025.

Related research from this library

• Testosterone levels by age chart
• Low testosterone statistics
• TRT statistics

For trip-specific security screening, border rules, storage and refill planning, read how to travel with your prescribed testosterone.